Fault.cpp

/*
 *  Copyright (C) 2017  Thales Lima Oliveira <thales@ufu.br>
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#include "Fault.h"
#ifdef USING_WX_3_0_X
#include "DegreesAndRadians.h"
#endif
 
Fault::Fault() : ElectricCalculation() {}
Fault::Fault(std::vector<Element*> elementList) { GetElementsFromList(elementList); }
Fault::~Fault() {}
bool Fault::RunFaultCalculation(double systemPowerBase)
{
    m_systemPowerBase = systemPowerBase;
    int numberOfBuses = static_cast<int>(m_busList.size());
    if (numberOfBuses == 0) {
        m_errorMsg = _("There is no buses in the system.");
        return false;
    }
 
    // Pre-fault voltages (power flow solution).
    std::vector<std::complex<double> > preFaultVoltages;
    preFaultVoltages.resize(m_busList.size());
 
    // Get adimittance matrices first to setup disconnected buses.
    std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<double> > > yBusPos;
    GetYBus(yBusPos, systemPowerBase, POSITIVE_SEQ, true, true);
    std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<double> > > yBusNeg;
    GetYBus(yBusNeg, systemPowerBase, NEGATIVE_SEQ, true, true);
    std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<double> > > yBusZero;
    GetYBus(yBusZero, systemPowerBase, ZERO_SEQ, true, true);
 
    // Get fault parameters.
    int fNumber = -1;
    int nBusFaulted = 0;
    FaultData fType = FaultData::FAULT_THREEPHASE;
    FaultData fLocation = FaultData::FAULT_LINE_A;
    std::complex<double> fImpedance = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
    for (auto it = m_busList.begin(), itEnd = m_busList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        Bus* bus = *it;
        BusElectricalData data = bus->GetElectricalData();
        if (data.number >= 0)
            preFaultVoltages[data.number] = data.voltage;
 
        if (data.hasFault && data.isConnected) {
            fNumber = data.number;
            fType = data.faultType;
            fLocation = data.faultLocation;
            fImpedance = std::complex<double>(data.faultResistance, data.faultReactance);
            nBusFaulted++;
        }
    }
    if (fNumber == -1) {
        m_errorMsg = _("There is no fault in the system or the faulty bus is disconnected.");
        return false;
    }
    else if (nBusFaulted > 1) {
        wxMessageDialog msgDialog(nullptr, _("There is more than one fault in the system, and this can lead to inconsistent results.\nDo you wish to proceed?"), _("Warning"), wxYES_NO | wxCENTRE | wxICON_WARNING);
        if (msgDialog.ShowModal() == wxID_NO) {
            m_errorMsg = _("Fault calculation was cancelled by the user.");
            return false;
        }
    }
 
 
 
    // Calculate the impedance matrices.
    if (!InvertMatrix(yBusPos, m_zBusPos)) {
        m_errorMsg = _("Fail to invert the positive sequence admittance matrix.");
        return false;
    }
    if (!InvertMatrix(yBusNeg, m_zBusNeg)) {
        m_errorMsg = _("Fail to invert the negative sequence admittance matrix.");
        return false;
    }
    if (!InvertMatrix(yBusZero, m_zBusZero)) {
        m_errorMsg = _("Fail to invert the zero sequence admittance matrix.");
        return false;
    }
 
    // Fault calculation.
    std::complex<double> fCurrentPos = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
    std::complex<double> fCurrentNeg = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
    std::complex<double> fCurrentZero = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
 
    std::complex<double> preFaultVoltage = preFaultVoltages[fNumber];
    std::complex<double> a = std::complex<double>(-0.5, 0.866025403784);
    std::complex<double> a2 = std::complex<double>(-0.5, -0.866025403784);
 
    switch (fType) {
    case FaultData::FAULT_THREEPHASE: {
        fCurrentPos = preFaultVoltage / (m_zBusPos[fNumber][fNumber] + fImpedance);
    } break;
    case FaultData::FAULT_2LINE: {
        fCurrentPos = preFaultVoltage / (m_zBusPos[fNumber][fNumber] + m_zBusNeg[fNumber][fNumber] + fImpedance);
 
        switch (fLocation) {
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_A: {
            fCurrentNeg = -a2 * fCurrentPos;
        } break;
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_B: {
            fCurrentNeg = -fCurrentPos;
        } break;
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_C: {
            fCurrentNeg = -a * fCurrentPos;
        } break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    } break;
    case FaultData::FAULT_2LINE_GROUND: {
        std::complex<double> z1 = m_zBusPos[fNumber][fNumber];
        std::complex<double> z2 = m_zBusNeg[fNumber][fNumber];
        std::complex<double> z0 = m_zBusZero[fNumber][fNumber];
        std::complex<double> zf_3 = std::complex<double>(3.0, 0.0) * fImpedance;
 
        fCurrentPos = (preFaultVoltage * (z2 + z0 + zf_3)) / (z1 * z2 + z2 * z0 + z2 * zf_3 + z1 * z0 + z1 * zf_3);
 
        switch (fLocation) {
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_A: {
            fCurrentNeg = -a2 * ((preFaultVoltage - z1 * fCurrentPos) / z2);
            fCurrentZero = -a * ((preFaultVoltage - z1 * fCurrentPos) / (z0 + zf_3));
        } break;
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_B: {
            fCurrentNeg = -((preFaultVoltage - z1 * fCurrentPos) / z2);
            fCurrentZero = -((preFaultVoltage - z1 * fCurrentPos) / (z0 + zf_3));
        } break;
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_C: {
            fCurrentNeg = -a * ((preFaultVoltage - z1 * fCurrentPos) / z2);
            fCurrentZero = -a2 * ((preFaultVoltage - z1 * fCurrentPos) / (z0 + zf_3));
        } break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    } break;
    case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_GROUND: {
        fCurrentPos =
            preFaultVoltage / (m_zBusPos[fNumber][fNumber] + m_zBusNeg[fNumber][fNumber] +
                m_zBusZero[fNumber][fNumber] + std::complex<double>(3.0, 0.0) * fImpedance);
        switch (fLocation) {
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_A: {
            fCurrentNeg = fCurrentPos;
            fCurrentZero = fCurrentPos;
        } break;
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_B: {
            fCurrentNeg = a * fCurrentPos;
            fCurrentZero = a2 * fCurrentPos;
        } break;
        case FaultData::FAULT_LINE_C: {
            fCurrentNeg = a2 * fCurrentPos;
            fCurrentZero = a * fCurrentPos;
        } break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    } break;
    default:
        break;
    }
 
    // Convert sequence currents to ABC. [Iabc] = [A]*[I012]
    m_fCurrentA = fCurrentZero + fCurrentPos + fCurrentNeg;
    m_fCurrentB = fCurrentZero + a2 * fCurrentPos + a * fCurrentNeg;
    m_fCurrentC = fCurrentZero + a * fCurrentPos + a2 * fCurrentNeg;
 
    // Pos-fault voltages calculation
    m_posFaultVoltagePos.clear();
    m_posFaultVoltageNeg.clear();
    m_posFaultVoltageZero.clear();
    m_posFaultVoltageA.clear();
    m_posFaultVoltageB.clear();
    m_posFaultVoltageC.clear();
 
    int connectedBusIndex = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBuses; ++i) {
        if (std::abs(preFaultVoltages[i]) > 1e-6) { // Only connected buses
            m_posFaultVoltagePos.push_back(preFaultVoltages[i] - m_zBusPos[connectedBusIndex][fNumber] * fCurrentPos);
            m_posFaultVoltageNeg.push_back(-m_zBusNeg[connectedBusIndex][fNumber] * fCurrentNeg);
            m_posFaultVoltageZero.push_back(-m_zBusZero[connectedBusIndex][fNumber] * fCurrentZero);
            connectedBusIndex++;
        }
        else {
            m_posFaultVoltagePos.push_back(std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0));
            m_posFaultVoltageNeg.push_back(std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0));
            m_posFaultVoltageZero.push_back(std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0));
        }
 
        // V012 -> Vabc
        m_posFaultVoltageA.push_back(m_posFaultVoltageZero[i] + m_posFaultVoltagePos[i] + m_posFaultVoltageNeg[i]);
        m_posFaultVoltageB.push_back(m_posFaultVoltageZero[i] + a2 * m_posFaultVoltagePos[i] +
            a * m_posFaultVoltageNeg[i]);
        m_posFaultVoltageC.push_back(m_posFaultVoltageZero[i] + a * m_posFaultVoltagePos[i] +
            a2 * m_posFaultVoltageNeg[i]);
    }
 
    UpdateElementsFault(systemPowerBase);
    return true;
}
 
void Fault::UpdateElementsFault(double systemPowerBase)
{
    std::complex<double> a = std::complex<double>(-0.5, 0.866025403784);
    std::complex<double> a2 = std::complex<double>(-0.5, -0.866025403784);
 
    for (auto it = m_busList.begin(), itEnd = m_busList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        Bus* bus = *it;
        auto data = bus->GetElectricalData();
        if (data.hasFault) {
            data.faultCurrent[0] = m_fCurrentA;
            data.faultCurrent[1] = m_fCurrentB;
            data.faultCurrent[2] = m_fCurrentC;
        }
        else {
            data.faultCurrent[0] = data.faultCurrent[1] = data.faultCurrent[2] = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
        }
        data.faultVoltage[0] = data.number >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageA[data.number] : 0.0;
        data.faultVoltage[1] = data.number >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageB[data.number] : 0.0;
        data.faultVoltage[2] = data.number >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageC[data.number] : 0.0;
        bus->SetElectricalData(data);
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_lineList.begin(), itEnd = m_lineList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        Line* line = *it;
        if (line->IsOnline()) {
            int n1 = static_cast<Bus*>(line->GetParentList()[0])->GetElectricalData().number;
            int n2 = static_cast<Bus*>(line->GetParentList()[1])->GetElectricalData().number;
            auto data = line->GetElectricalData();
            auto puData = line->GetPUElectricalData(m_systemPowerBase);
            std::complex<double> vPos[2] = { n1 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltagePos[n1] : 0.0, n2 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltagePos[n2] : 0.0 };
            std::complex<double> vNeg[2] = { n1 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageNeg[n1] : 0.0, n2 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageNeg[n2] : 0.0 };
            std::complex<double> vZero[2] = { n1 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageZero[n1] : 0.0, n2 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageZero[n2] : 0.0 };
            std::complex<double> zPos(puData.resistance, puData.indReactance);
            std::complex<double> bPos(0.0, puData.capSusceptance / 2.0);
            std::complex<double> zZero(puData.zeroResistance, puData.zeroIndReactance);
            std::complex<double> bZero(0.0, puData.zeroCapSusceptance / 2.0);
 
            std::complex<double> lineCurrentPos[2];
            std::complex<double> lineCurrentNeg[2];
            std::complex<double> lineCurrentZero[2];
 
            lineCurrentPos[0] = ((vPos[0] - vPos[1]) / zPos) + (vPos[0] * bPos);
            lineCurrentNeg[0] = ((vNeg[0] - vNeg[1]) / zPos) + (vNeg[0] * bPos);
            lineCurrentZero[0] = ((vZero[0] - vZero[1]) / zZero) + (vZero[0] * bZero);
            lineCurrentPos[1] = ((vPos[1] - vPos[0]) / zPos) + (vPos[1] * bPos);
            lineCurrentNeg[1] = ((vNeg[1] - vNeg[0]) / zPos) + (vNeg[1] * bPos);
            lineCurrentZero[1] = ((vZero[1] - vZero[0]) / zZero) + (vZero[1] * bZero);
 
            data.faultCurrent[0][0] = lineCurrentZero[0] + lineCurrentPos[0] + lineCurrentNeg[0];
            data.faultCurrent[0][1] = lineCurrentZero[0] + a2 * lineCurrentPos[0] + a * lineCurrentNeg[0];
            data.faultCurrent[0][2] = lineCurrentZero[0] + a * lineCurrentPos[0] + a2 * lineCurrentNeg[0];
            data.faultCurrent[1][0] = lineCurrentZero[1] + lineCurrentPos[1] + lineCurrentNeg[1];
            data.faultCurrent[1][1] = lineCurrentZero[1] + a2 * lineCurrentPos[1] + a * lineCurrentNeg[1];
            data.faultCurrent[1][2] = lineCurrentZero[1] + a * lineCurrentPos[1] + a2 * lineCurrentNeg[1];
 
            line->SetElectricalData(data);
        }
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_transformerList.begin(), itEnd = m_transformerList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        Transformer* transformer = *it;
        if (transformer->IsOnline()) {
            int n1 = static_cast<Bus*>(transformer->GetParentList()[0])->GetElectricalData().number;
            int n2 = static_cast<Bus*>(transformer->GetParentList()[1])->GetElectricalData().number;
            auto data = transformer->GetElectricalData();
            auto puData = transformer->GetPUElectricalData(m_systemPowerBase);
 
            std::complex<double> vPos[2] = { n1 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltagePos[n1] : 0.0, n2 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltagePos[n2] : 0.0 };
            std::complex<double> vNeg[2] = { n1 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageNeg[n1] : 0.0, n2 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageNeg[n2] : 0.0 };
            std::complex<double> vZero[2] = { n1 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageZero[n1] : 0.0, n2 >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageZero[n2] : 0.0 };
            std::complex<double> zPos(puData.resistance, puData.indReactance);
            std::complex<double> zZero(puData.zeroResistance, puData.zeroIndReactance);
 
            std::complex<double> transformerCurrentPos[2];
            std::complex<double> transformerCurrentNeg[2];
            std::complex<double> transformerCurrentZero[2];
 
            if (data.turnsRatio == 1.0 && data.phaseShift == 0.0) {
                transformerCurrentPos[0] = (vPos[0] - vPos[1]) / zPos;
                transformerCurrentNeg[0] = (vNeg[0] - vNeg[1]) / zPos;
                transformerCurrentZero[0] = (vZero[0] - vZero[1]) / zZero;
                transformerCurrentPos[1] = (vPos[1] - vPos[0]) / zPos;
                transformerCurrentNeg[1] = (vNeg[1] - vNeg[0]) / zPos;
                transformerCurrentZero[1] = (vZero[1] - vZero[0]) / zZero;
            }
            else {
                double radPhaseShift = wxDegToRad(data.phaseShift);
                std::complex<double> t = std::complex<double>(data.turnsRatio * std::cos(radPhaseShift),
                    -data.turnsRatio * std::sin(radPhaseShift));
 
                transformerCurrentPos[0] =
                    vPos[0] * (1.0 / (std::pow(std::abs(t), 2.0) * zPos)) - vPos[1] * (1.0 / (std::conj(t) * zPos));
                transformerCurrentNeg[0] =
                    vNeg[0] * (1.0 / (std::pow(std::abs(t), 2.0) * zPos)) - vNeg[1] * (1.0 / (t * zPos));
 
                transformerCurrentPos[1] = -vPos[0] * (1.0 / (t * zPos)) + vPos[1] / zPos;
                transformerCurrentNeg[1] = -vNeg[0] * (1.0 / (std::conj(t) * zPos)) + vNeg[1] / zPos;
            }
 
            switch (data.connection) {
            case GWYE_GWYE: {
                transformerCurrentZero[0] = (vZero[0] - vZero[1]) / zZero;
                transformerCurrentZero[1] = (vZero[1] - vZero[0]) / zZero;
                break;
            }
            case GWYE_DELTA: {
                transformerCurrentZero[0] = vZero[0] / zZero;
                transformerCurrentZero[1] = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
                break;
            }
            case DELTA_GWYE: {
                transformerCurrentZero[0] = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
                transformerCurrentZero[1] = vZero[1] / zZero;
                break;
            }
            default: {
                transformerCurrentZero[0] = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
                transformerCurrentZero[1] = std::complex<double>(0.0, 0.0);
                break;
            }
            }
 
            data.faultCurrent[0][0] = transformerCurrentZero[0] + transformerCurrentPos[0] + transformerCurrentNeg[0];
            data.faultCurrent[0][1] =
                transformerCurrentZero[0] + a2 * transformerCurrentPos[0] + a * transformerCurrentNeg[0];
            data.faultCurrent[0][2] =
                transformerCurrentZero[0] + a * transformerCurrentPos[0] + a2 * transformerCurrentNeg[0];
            data.faultCurrent[1][0] = transformerCurrentZero[1] + transformerCurrentPos[1] + transformerCurrentNeg[1];
            data.faultCurrent[1][1] =
                transformerCurrentZero[1] + a2 * transformerCurrentPos[1] + a * transformerCurrentNeg[1];
            data.faultCurrent[1][2] =
                transformerCurrentZero[1] + a * transformerCurrentPos[1] + a2 * transformerCurrentNeg[1];
 
            transformer->SetElectricaData(data);
        }
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_syncGeneratorList.begin(), itEnd = m_syncGeneratorList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        SyncGenerator* syncGenerator = *it;
        if (syncGenerator->IsOnline()) {
            Bus* bus = static_cast<Bus*>(syncGenerator->GetParentList()[0]);
            int n = bus->GetElectricalData().number;
            std::complex<double> v = bus->GetElectricalData().voltage;  // Pre-fault voltage.
            auto data = syncGenerator->GetElectricalData();
            auto puData = syncGenerator->GetPUElectricalData(m_systemPowerBase);
 
            std::complex<double> vPos = n >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltagePos[n] : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> vNeg = n >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageNeg[n] : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> vZero = n >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageZero[n] : 0.0;
 
            std::complex<double> zPos(puData.positiveResistance, puData.positiveReactance);
            std::complex<double> zNeg(puData.negativeResistance, puData.negativeReactance);
            std::complex<double> zZero(puData.zeroResistance + 3.0 * puData.groundResistance,
                puData.zeroReactance + 3.0 * puData.groundReactance);
 
            // Internal voltage
            std::complex<double> i = std::complex<double>(puData.activePower, -puData.reactivePower) / std::conj(v);
            std::complex<double> e = v + zPos * i;
 
            std::complex<double> syncGeneratorCurrentPos = n >= 0 ? (e - vPos) / zPos : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> syncGeneratorCurrentNeg = n >= 0 ? (-vNeg) / zNeg : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> syncGeneratorCurrentZero(0.0, 0.0);
            if (data.groundNeutral) syncGeneratorCurrentZero = n >= 0 ? (-vZero) / zZero : 0.0;
 
            data.faultCurrent[0] = syncGeneratorCurrentZero + syncGeneratorCurrentPos + syncGeneratorCurrentNeg;
            data.faultCurrent[1] =
                syncGeneratorCurrentZero + a2 * syncGeneratorCurrentPos + a * syncGeneratorCurrentNeg;
            data.faultCurrent[2] =
                syncGeneratorCurrentZero + a * syncGeneratorCurrentPos + a2 * syncGeneratorCurrentNeg;
 
            syncGenerator->SetElectricalData(data);
        }
    }
 
    for (auto it = m_syncMotorList.begin(), itEnd = m_syncMotorList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        SyncMotor* syncMotor = *it;
        if (syncMotor->IsOnline()) {
            Bus* bus = static_cast<Bus*>(syncMotor->GetParentList()[0]);
            int n = bus->GetElectricalData().number;
            std::complex<double> v = bus->GetElectricalData().voltage;  // Pre-fault voltage.
            auto data = syncMotor->GetElectricalData();
            auto puData = syncMotor->GetPUElectricalData(m_systemPowerBase);
 
            std::complex<double> vPos = n >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltagePos[n] : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> vNeg = n >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageNeg[n] : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> vZero = n >= 0 ? m_posFaultVoltageZero[n] : 0.0;
 
            std::complex<double> zPos(puData.positiveResistance, puData.positiveReactance);
            std::complex<double> zNeg(puData.negativeResistance, puData.negativeReactance);
            std::complex<double> zZero(puData.zeroResistance + 3.0 * puData.groundResistance,
                puData.zeroReactance + 3.0 * puData.groundReactance);
 
            std::complex<double> syncMotorCurrentPos = n >= 0 ? (v - vPos) / zPos : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> syncMotorCurrentNeg = n >= 0 ? (-vNeg) / zNeg : 0.0;
            std::complex<double> syncMotorCurrentZero(0.0, 0.0);
            if (data.groundNeutral) syncMotorCurrentZero = n >= 0 ? (-vZero) / zZero : 0.0;
 
            data.faultCurrent[0] = syncMotorCurrentZero + syncMotorCurrentPos + syncMotorCurrentNeg;
            data.faultCurrent[1] =
                syncMotorCurrentZero + a2 * syncMotorCurrentPos + a * syncMotorCurrentNeg;
            data.faultCurrent[2] =
                syncMotorCurrentZero + a * syncMotorCurrentPos + a2 * syncMotorCurrentNeg;
 
            syncMotor->SetElectricalData(data);
        }
    }
}
 
bool Fault::RunSCPowerCalcutation(double systemPowerBase)
{
    // Get adimittance matrix.
    std::vector<std::vector<std::complex<double> > > yBusPos;
    GetYBus(yBusPos, systemPowerBase, POSITIVE_SEQ, true);
 
    // Calculate the impedance matrix.
    if (!InvertMatrix(yBusPos, m_zBusPos)) {
        m_errorMsg = _("Fail to invert the positive sequence admittance matrix.");
        return false;
    }
 
    // Set the SC power.
    for (auto it = m_busList.begin(), itEnd = m_busList.end(); it != itEnd; ++it) {
        Bus* bus = *it;
        auto data = bus->GetElectricalData();
        if (data.isConnected) {
            int n = data.number;
            data.scPower = 1.0 / std::abs(m_zBusPos[n][n]);
            bus->SetElectricalData(data);
        }
    }
 
    return true;
}